Charlotte Mueller points out in “Migration and Knowledge Transfer” (NVVN blog) that “migrants can be knowledge senders and knowledge receivers simultaneously, in their country of destination as well as in their country of origin.” Knowledge transfer and human migration can both be “circular.”
West German experts emphasized cultural otherness as an impediment to the employment—and "emancipation"—of Turkish migrant women instead of attending to the women's testimony about the practical impediments they faced in a system built on the unpaid labor of housewives.
