Charlotte Mueller points out in “Migration and Knowledge Transfer” (NVVN blog) that “migrants can be knowledge senders and knowledge receivers simultaneously, in their country of destination as well as in their country of origin.” Knowledge transfer and human migration can both be “circular.”
The author looks at the relationship between two famous early sociological community studies, "Middletown" and "Marienthal." The latter became Paul Lazarsfeld's "ticket out of Europe just as the continent was descending into fascism."