Charlotte Mueller points out in “Migration and Knowledge Transfer” (NVVN blog) that “migrants can be knowledge senders and knowledge receivers simultaneously, in their country of destination as well as in their country of origin.” Knowledge transfer and human migration can both be “circular.”
Revisits Werner Schiffauer's 1991 classic, Die Migranten aus Subay, which reminds us that "migrants have lives of their own before they arrive in host societies, and they never cease to maintain ties … to the homelands they leave behind."